Web PLR Article Directory San Andrés y Providencia: February 2010

Thursday, 25 February 2010

Femiprim

Femiprim may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Femiprim

Ascorbic Acid

Ascorbic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Femiprim in the following countries:

Mexico

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday, 24 February 2010

Metoprolol CF

Metoprolol CF may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Metoprolol CF

Metoprolol

Metoprolol succinate (a derivative of Metoprolol) is reported as an ingredient of Metoprolol CF in the following countries:

Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Dolac

Dolac may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dolac

Ketorolac

Ketorolac tromethamine (a derivative of Ketorolac) is reported as an ingredient of Dolac in the following countries:

Indonesia

Mexico

Russian Federation

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, 18 February 2010

Gemfibrozil S.J.A.

Gemfibrozil S.J.A. may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Gemfibrozil S.J.A.

Gemfibrozil

Gemfibrozil is reported as an ingredient of Gemfibrozil S.J.A. in the following countries:

Greece

International Drug Name Search

Tuesday, 16 February 2010

Doxazosina Neo Bexal

Doxazosina Neo Bexal may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Doxazosina Neo Bexal

Doxazosin

Doxazosin mesilate (a derivative of Doxazosin) is reported as an ingredient of Doxazosina Neo Bexal in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Sunday, 14 February 2010

Myoxam

Myoxam may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Myoxam

Midecamycin

Midecamycin diacetate (a derivative of Midecamycin) is reported as an ingredient of Myoxam in the following countries:

Costa Rica

Dominican Republic

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Panama

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Friday, 12 February 2010

Neo-Meladinine

Neo-Meladinine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Neo-Meladinine

Methoxsalen

Methoxsalen is reported as an ingredient of Neo-Meladinine in the following countries:

Ethiopia

Oman

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, 11 February 2010

Balsamorhinol

Balsamorhinol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Balsamorhinol

Chlorobutanol

Chlorobutanol is reported as an ingredient of Balsamorhinol in the following countries:

France

Levomenthol

Levomenthol is reported as an ingredient of Balsamorhinol in the following countries:

France

International Drug Name Search

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension

Pronunciation: dex-klor-fen-EER-a-meen/dex-troe-meth-OR-fan/sue-doe-eh-FED-rin
Generic Name: Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine
Brand Name: Examples include TanaCof DM and Tanafed DMX

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension is used for:

Relieving symptoms of sinus congestion, runny nose, sneezing, cough due to colds, upper respiratory infections, and allergies. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension is a decongestant, antihistamine, and cough suppressant combination. It works by constricting blood vessels and reducing swelling in the nasal passages. The antihistamine works by blocking the action of histamine, which helps reduce symptoms, such as watery eyes and sneezing, while the cough suppressant works in the brain to help decrease the cough reflex to reduce a dry cough.

Do NOT use Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension

you have severe high blood pressure, severe heart blood vessel disease, rapid heartbeat, or severe heart problems

you are unable to urinate or are having an asthma attack

you take sodium oxybate (GHB) or you have taken furazolidone or a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (eg, phenelzine) within the last 14 days

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension:

Some medical conditions may interact with Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have a fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat

if you have a history of adrenal gland problems (eg, adrenal gland tumor); heart problems; high blood pressure; diabetes; blood vessel problems; stroke; glaucoma; a blockage of your stomach, bladder, or intestines; ulcers; trouble urinating; an enlarged prostate or other prostate problems; seizures; or an overactive thyroid

if you have a history of asthma, chronic cough, lung problems (eg, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or if your cough occurs with large amounts of mucus

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Beta-blockers (eg, propranolol), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors (eg, tolcapone), furazolidone, indomethacin, MAO inhibitors (eg, phenelzine), sodium oxybate (GHB), or tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline) because the side effects of Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension may be increased

Digoxin or droxidopa because the risk of irregular heartbeat or heart attack may be increased

Bromocriptine or hydantoins (eg, phenytoin) because side effects may be increased by Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension

Guanadrel, guanethidine, mecamylamine, methyldopa, or reserpine because their effectiveness may be decreased by Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension:

Use Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension may be taken with or without food.

Shake well before using.

Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.

If you miss a dose of Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension.

Important safety information:

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension. Using Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or perform other potentially dangerous tasks.

Do not take diet or appetite control medicines while you are taking Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension without checking with your doctor.

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension contains dexchlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, and pseudoephedrine. Before you begin taking any new prescription or nonprescription medicine, read the ingredients to see if it also contains dexchlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, or pseudoephedrine. If it does or if you are uncertain, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Do NOT exceed the recommended dose or take Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension for longer than prescribed without checking with your doctor.

If your symptoms do not improve within 5 to 7 days or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension may cause increased sensitivity to the sun. Avoid exposure to the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for a prolonged period.

If you are scheduled for allergy skin testing, do not take Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension for several days before the test because it may decrease your response to the skin tests.

Before you have any medical or dental treatments, emergency care, or surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are using Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension.

Use Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension with caution in the ELDERLY because they may be more sensitive to its effects.

Caution is advised when using Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension in CHILDREN because they may be more sensitive to its effects.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension during pregnancy. It is unknown if Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension.

Possible side effects of Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; excitability; headache; loss of appetite; nausea; nervousness or anxiety; trouble sleeping; upset stomach; vomiting; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); difficulty urinating or inability to urinate; fast or irregular heartbeat; hallucinations; seizures; severe dizziness, lightheadedness, or headache; tremor; trouble sleeping; vision changes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include blurred vision; confusion; hallucinations; seizures; severe dizziness, lightheadedness, or headache; severe drowsiness; unusually fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; vomiting.

Proper storage of Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension:

Store Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Suspension. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine resources

Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Side Effects (in more detail)
Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Drug Interactions
Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine Support Group
2 Reviews for Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine - Add your own review/rating

Compare Dexchlorpheniramine/Dextromethorphan/Pseudoephedrine with other medications

Cold Symptoms
Hay Fever
Sinusitis

Monday, 8 February 2010

Rectiofar

Rectiofar may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Rectiofar

Glycerol

Glycerol is reported as an ingredient of Rectiofar in the following countries:

Vietnam

International Drug Name Search

Sunday, 7 February 2010

Renvela

Pronunciation: se-VEL-a-mer
Generic Name: Sevelamer
Brand Name: Examples include Renagel and Renvela

Renvela is used for:

Reducing the amount of phosphorus in the blood in patients with chronic kidney disease who are on dialysis.

Renvela is a phosphate binder. It binds with phosphate in the digestive tract, which decreases the amount of phosphate absorbed into the body.

Do NOT use Renvela if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Renvela

you have a blockage of your bowels

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Renvela:

Some medical conditions may interact with Renvela. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have difficulty swallowing or certain stomach or bowel problems (eg, severe constipation), or if you have had stomach or bowel surgery

if you have low blood phosphate levels

if you take medicines for irregular heartbeat, seizures, or thyroid problems

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Renvela. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Ciprofloxacin because its effectiveness may be decreased by Renvela

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Renvela may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Renvela:

Use Renvela as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Renvela by mouth with food.

Swallow Renvela whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing.

Renvela may bind with other medicines, reducing the amount your body can absorb and use. If you are taking other medicines, your doctor may want you to take them 1 hour before or 3 hours after taking Renvela. Contact your doctor if you have questions about when to take your dose.

Continue to take Renvela even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.

If you miss a dose of Renvela, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Renvela.

Important safety information:

Renvela may reduce certain vitamins in your body. Check with your doctor about whether or not you should take a vitamin supplement while you take Renvela.

Follow the diet program given to you by your health care provider.

Lab tests, including calcium, bicarbonate, phosphate, and chloride blood levels, may be performed while you use Renvela. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

Renvela should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Renvela while you are pregnant. It is not known if Renvela is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Renvela, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Renvela:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; diarrhea; gas; indigestion; mild stomach pain; nausea; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); severe or persistent constipation or stomach pain; trouble swallowing.

See also: Renvela side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Renvela:

Store Renvela at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is allowed. Store in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Do not use after the expiration date. Keep Renvela out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Renvela, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Renvela is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Renvela. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Renvela resources

Renvela Side Effects (in more detail)
Renvela Dosage
Renvela Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Renvela Drug Interactions
Renvela Support Group
1 Review for Renvela - Add your own review/rating

Renvela Prescribing Information (FDA)

Renvela Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Renvela Consumer Overview

Sevelamer Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

Sevelamer Monograph (AHFS DI)

Renagel Consumer Overview

Renagel Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Renvela with other medications

Hyperphosphatemia of Renal Failure

Saturday, 6 February 2010

Rifampin

Class: Antituberculosis Agents
VA Class: AM500
CAS Number: 13292-46-1
Brands: Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifamate, Rifater

Introduction

Antibacterial and antimycobacterial agent; semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin SV.¹⁶¹

Uses for Rifampin

Tuberculosis

Treatment of active (clinical) tuberculosis (TB) in conjunction with other antituberculosis agents.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²⁵⁸ ^r ^v IV rifampin is designated an orphan drug by FDA for this use.¹⁷⁸

First-line agent for treatment of all forms of active TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis known or presumed to be susceptible to the drug.¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ ^r ^v Essential component of multiple-drug regimens used in the initial intensive treatment phase and the continuation treatment phase.¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ ^r ^v

Fixed-combination preparation containing rifampin and isoniazid (Rifamate) is used for treatment of pulmonary TB.²⁵⁸ ²⁵⁹ Isoniazid and rifampin are both used in the initial intensive treatment phase and the continuation treatment phase,²⁵⁸ but manufacturer states that Rifamate is not recommended for initial therapy and the fixed-combination preparation should be used only after the patient has been treated with the individual components and efficacy of these drugs has been established.²⁵⁹

Fixed-combination preparation containing rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (Rifater) is used for treatment of pulmonary TB;¹⁷² ²⁵⁸ designated an orphan drug by FDA for this use.¹⁷⁸ Used only in the initial intensive treatment phase since pyrazinamide is not usually indicated for the continuation phase.¹⁷² ²⁵⁸

For initial treatment of active TB caused by drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis, recommended multiple-drug regimens consist of an initial intensive phase (2 months) and a continuation phase (4 or 7 months).¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ Although the usual duration of treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (except disseminated infections and TB meningitis) is 6–9 months,¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ ATS, CDC, and IDSA state that completion of treatment is determined more accurately by the total number of doses and should not be based solely on the duration of therapy.²⁵⁸ A longer duration of treatment (e.g., 12–24 months) usually is necessary for infections caused by drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸

Patients with treatment failure or drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB (resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB (resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin and also resistant to a fluoroquinolone and at least one parenteral second-line antimycobacterial such as capreomycin, kanamycin, or amikacin), should be referred to or managed in consultation with experts in the treatment of TB as identified by local or state health departments or CDC.²⁵⁸ ^x

Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²²⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^t ^u ^v

LTBI is asymptomatic infection with M. tuberculosis; usually defined as a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or Quantiferon-TB gold test (QFT-G) with no evidence of active (clinical) TB.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²²⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^u ^v LTBI is treated to decrease the risk of progression to active TB.¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ^t ^u

Regimen of choice for treatment of LTBI is isoniazid monotherapy, unless the patient has been in contact with an individual with drug-resistant TB.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²²⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^t ^v Rifampin monotherapy is the preferred alternative and is especially useful in adults, adolescents, or children who have been exposed to isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis and those who cannot tolerate isoniazid.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²⁶⁹ Rifabutin is used in those who cannot receive rifampin because of intolerance or because they are receiving other drugs that have clinically important interactions with rifampin (e.g., HIV patients receiving certain antiretroviral agents).¹⁰¹ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²²⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^v

Although 2-drug regimens of rifampin and pyrazinamide were previously used for treatment of LTBI,¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ^t ^v these regimens have been associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity and are no longer recommended for treatment of LTBI.²⁵⁷ ²⁶⁹ ^t ^v (See Hepatic Effects under Cautions.)

Treatment of LTBI in patients who have been exposed to a source case with drug-resistant TB, including MDR TB or XDR TB, should be managed in consultation with experts in the treatment of TB as identified by local or state health departments or CDC.¹⁷⁶ ²¹⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^t ^u ^v

Prior to initiating treatment of LTBI, clinical (active) TB must be excluded using appropriate testing (e.g., radiographs).¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²²⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^t ^v

Anthrax

Has been used in conjunction with other anti-infectives for treatment of inhalational anthrax† following bioterrorism-related anthrax exposures.²⁵² ²⁵³

Multiple-drug parenteral regimens are recommended for treatment of inhalational anthrax that occurs as the result of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores in the context of biologic warfare or bioterrorism.¹³⁹ ²⁵² ²⁵⁴ Initiate treatment with IV ciprofloxacin or doxycycline and 1 or 2 other anti-infectives predicted to be effective (e.g., chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampin, vancomycin, clarithromycin, imipenem, penicillin, ampicillin);²⁵² ²⁵³ ²⁵⁴ if meningitis is established or suspected, use IV ciprofloxacin (rather than doxycycline) and chloramphenicol, rifampin, or penicillin.²⁵⁴

Bartonella Infections

Treatment of infections caused by Bartonella henselae† (e.g., cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatitis).¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²³³ ²³⁴ ²³⁵

Cat scratch disease generally self-limited in immunocompetent individuals and may resolve in 2–4 months; some clinicians suggest that anti-infective therapy be considered for acutely or severely ill patients with systemic manifestations, particularly those with hepatosplenomegaly or painful lymphadenopathy, and such therapy probably is indicated in immunocompromised patients. ¹⁷⁶ ²³³ ²³⁶ ²³⁷ ²³⁸ Anti-infectives also indicated in patients with B. henselae infections who develop bacillary angiomatosis, neuroretinitis, or Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome.²³⁶ ²³⁷ ²³⁸ Optimum regimens have not been identified; some clinicians recommend erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, co-trimoxazole, or gentamicin.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²³⁶ ²³⁷ ²³⁸

Brucellosis

Treatment of brucellosis† caused by Brucella melitensis.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁷ ²²⁸ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ ²⁷⁰ Used as an adjunct to other anti-infectives.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁷ ²²⁸ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ ²⁷⁰ Tetracyclines generally considered the drugs of choice; concomitant use of another anti-infective (e.g., streptomycin or gentamicin and/or rifampin) is recommended to reduce the likelihood of relapse, especially for severe infections and when there are complications such as meningitis, endocarditis, or osteomyelitis.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁷ ²²⁸ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ ²⁷⁰ Also has been used as an adjunct to co-trimoxazole or quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin).¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁷ ²²⁸ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ ²⁷⁰ Monotherapy is not recommended.¹⁷⁶ ²⁷⁰

Postexposure prophylaxis following a high-risk exposure to Brucella† (e.g., percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure or aerosolization of infectious material in the laboratory or livestock husbandry setting, exposure in the context of biologic warfare or bioterrorism).¹³⁹ ¹⁷⁶ Postexposure prophylaxis not generally recommended after exposure to endemic brucellosis.¹³⁹ ¹⁷⁶ Regimens recommended for postexposure prophylaxis are the same as those recommended for treatment of brucellosis.¹³⁹

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

Alternative for treatment of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis† (HGA; formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila).²⁰³ ²⁴¹ ^k Doxycycline is usual drug of choice for anaplasmosis;¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²⁴¹ ^k rifampin can be used for mild illness due to HGA in those who cannot receive doxycycline (e.g., children <8 years of age, pregnant women).^k

Rifampin is ineffective for treatment of Lyme disease; patients receiving rifampin for treatment of HGA who are coinfected with B. burgdorferi should receive amoxicillin or cefuroxime for treatment of Lyme disease.^k

Legionella Infections

Treatment of infections caused by Legionella pneumophila† (Legionnaires’ disease); used as an adjunct to a macrolide (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin), a fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin), or a tetracycline (e.g., doxycycline).¹⁴⁶ ¹⁶⁶ ¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁶ ²³²

Leprosy

Treatment of leprosy† in conjunction with other anti-infectives.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ ²⁰³ ²⁰⁵ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

WHO and others recommend rifampin-based multiple-drug regimens (ROM) for treatment of all forms of leprosy, including multibacillary leprosy† (>5 skin lesions), paucibacillary leprosy† (2–5 lesions), and single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy† (single skin lesion with definite loss of sensation but without nerve trunk involvement).¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ ²⁰¹ ²⁰² ²⁰³ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁵ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

Because rifampin is bactericidal against M. leprae, it is the principal component of multiple-drug regimens used for treatment of leprosy;¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰¹ ²⁰⁷ ^jj other drugs are included in the regimens to prevent emergence of rifampin-resistant M. leprae.¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

Treatment of leprosy is complicated and should be undertaken in consultation with a specialist familiar with the disease (e.g., clinicians at the National Hansen's Disease Program at 800-642-2477 or ).¹⁷⁶ ^kk

Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Infections

Treatment of M. avium complex (MAC) pulmonary infections† in conjunction with other antimycobacterials.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹

For initial treatment of nodular/bronchiectatic pulmonary disease caused by macrolide-susceptible MAC, ATS and IDSA recommend a 3-times weekly regimen of clarithromycin (or azithromycin), ethambutol, and rifampin in most patients.¹⁹¹ For initial treatment of fibrocavitary or severe nodular/bronchiectatic pulmonary disease caused by macrolide-susceptible MAC, ATS and IDSA recommend a daily regimen of clarithromycin (or azithromycin), ethambutol, and rifampin (or rifabutin) and state that consideration can be given to adding amikacin or streptomycin during the first 2–3 months of treatment for extensive (especially fibrocavitary) disease or when previous therapy has failed.¹⁹¹

Although either rifampin or rifabutin can be used in multiple-drug regimens for treatment of MAC infections, rifampin may be the preferred rifamycin for most patients with pulmonary MAC infections since it may be better tolerated (e.g., in older patients).¹⁹¹ Rifabutin may be the preferred rifamycin for treatment of disseminated MAC disease (especially in HIV-infected patients) since it appears to be more active in vitro against MAC and is associated with fewer drug interactions.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹ ^r ^s Rifampin is not included in current ATS, CDC, NIH, and IDSA guidelines for treatment of disseminated MAC infections in HIV-infected individuals.¹⁹¹ ^r ^s

Treatment of MAC infections is complicated and should be directed by clinicians familiar with mycobacterial diseases; consultation with a specialist is particularly important when the patient cannot tolerate first-line drugs or when the infection has not responded to prior therapy or is caused by macrolide-resistant MAC.¹⁹¹ In addition, specialized references should be consulted for guidance on the use of rifamycins in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral agents.¹⁹¹ (See Specific Drugs and Tests under Interactions.)

Mycobacterium kansasii and Other Mycobacterial Infections

Treatment of M. kansasii† infections in conjunction with other antimycobacterials.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹ ²⁰³ ATS and IDSA recommend a regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol for treatment of pulmonary or disseminated infections caused by rifampin-susceptible M. kansasii.¹⁹¹ If rifampin-resistant M. kansasii are involved, ATS and IDSA recommend a 3-drug regimen based on results of in vitro susceptibility testing, including clarithromycin (or azithromycin), moxifloxacin, ethambutol, sulfamethoxazole, or streptomycin.¹⁹¹

Treatment of M. marinum† infections in conjunction with other antimycobacterials (e.g., ethambutol with or without clarithromycin).¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹ ²⁰³ ^bb ^cc ^ff Optimum regimens not identified.¹⁹¹ ^bb ^cc ^ff Monotherapy (minocycline, clarithromycin, doxycycline, co-trimoxazole) may be effective for superficial cutaneous infections,^bb but a multiple-drug regimen usually used for severe cutaneous infections or infections in immunocompromised individuals.^bb ^cc

Treatment of M. ulcerans† infections with or without other antimycobacterials.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹ ATS and IDSA state that preulcerative lesions can be effectively treated by excision and primary closure, rifampin monotherapy, or heat therapy.¹⁹¹ Surgical debridement with skin grafting usually is the treatment of choice for M. ulcerans infections since antimycobacterials generally are ineffective.¹⁹¹ However, postsurgical antimycobacterials may prevent relapse or metastasis of infections and a regimen of clarithromycin and rifampin is recommended to control complications of M. ulcerans ulcers.¹⁹¹

Treatment of infections caused by M. xenopi† in conjunction with other antimycobacterials.¹⁹¹ Optimum regimens not established; in vivo response may not correlate with in vitro susceptibility.¹⁹¹ ATS and IDSA state that a regimen of clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol generally has been used, although rate of relapse is high.¹⁹¹ A regimen of isoniazid, rifampin (or rifabutin), ethambutol, and clarithromycin (with or without streptomycin during initial treatment) also has been suggested.¹⁹¹

Neisseria meningitidis Infections

Prophylaxis to prevent meningococcal disease in household or other close contacts of individuals with invasive meningococcal disease† when the risk of infection is high.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷ ²⁶⁶ Recommended regimens for such prophylaxis are rifampin (not recommended in pregnant women), ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin (not recommended in individuals <18 years of age unless no other regimen can be used and not recommended for pregnant or lactating women).¹⁷⁶ ¹⁸⁷ AAP considers rifampin the drug of choice in most pediatric patients.¹⁷⁶

Elimination of nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis.¹⁶¹ ¹⁶³ ¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷ ²⁶⁶ CDC and AAP recommend rifampin, ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin for such carriers.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷ Manufacturers state rifampin should not be used indiscriminately and should be used only when the risk of meningococcal meningitis is high.¹⁶¹ ¹⁶³ ¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹

Should not be used for treatment of meningococcal infections; rapid emergence of resistant strains may occur during long-term therapy.¹⁶¹ ¹⁶³ ²⁶⁶

Rhodococcus Infections

Treatment of infections caused by Rhodococcus equi†; used in conjunction with vancomycin.²⁰³ Optimum regimens have not been identified; combination regimens usually are recommended, including vancomycin given with a fluoroquinolone, rifampin, a carbapenem (imipenem or meropenem), or amikacin.²⁰³ ²³⁹ ²⁴⁰

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Infections

Treatment of serious infections (bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis) caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae† or oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or S. epidermidis† (previously known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus or S. epidermidis) in conjunction with other anti-infectives (e.g., third generation cephalosporins, vancomycin).¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³ ²²⁶ Rifampin should not be used alone in the treatment of staphylococcal or streptococcal infections.¹⁷⁶ ²⁰³

Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infection

Chemoprophylaxis in contacts of patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection†.¹⁰² ¹⁰³ ¹⁰⁴ ¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁶ ¹³⁴ ¹³⁵ ¹³⁸ ¹⁴⁰ ¹⁴¹ ¹⁷⁶ Considered the most effective anti-infective for eradicating carriage of Hib.¹⁰² ¹⁰³ ¹⁰⁴ ¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁶ ¹³⁴ ¹³⁸ ¹⁴¹ AAP and ACIP state rifampin is the drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis in contacts of patients with Hib infection.¹³⁴ ¹³⁵ ¹⁴¹ ¹⁴⁵ ¹⁷⁶

In household contacts of patients with Hib infection, AAP recommends prophylaxis for all household contacts (except pregnant women), irrespective of age, in those households with at least one contact <48 months of age who is incompletely vaccinated against Hib, those households with an immunocompromised child (even if the child is >48 months of age), and those households where there is a child <12 months of age, irrespective of the vaccination status of the child.¹⁷⁶

In child-care and nursery school contacts of patients with Hib infection, AAP recommends prophylaxis for all attendees (regardless of age) if ≥2 cases of invasive disease have occurred within 60 days and there are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children attending the facility.¹⁷⁶ If a single case has occurred, the advisability of rifampin prophylaxis in exposed child-care groups with unimmunized or incompletely immunized children is controversial, but many experts recommend no prophylaxis.¹⁷⁶

Rifampin Dosage and Administration

Administration

Administer orally.¹⁶¹ May be given by IV infusion if oral therapy is not feasible.¹⁶¹ ^b Should not be given IM or sub-Q.¹⁶¹ ^b

Used in conjunction with other anti-infectives for treatment of active (clinical) TB, anthrax, brucellosis, legionella infections, leprosy, MAC or other mycobacterial infections, rhodococcus infections, and staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.¹²⁷ ¹⁴⁶ ¹⁷⁶ ¹⁶¹ ¹⁶⁶ ¹⁷⁶ ¹⁹¹ ¹⁹⁸ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰³ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ²²⁶ ²²⁷ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ ²³² ²⁵⁸

Fixed-combination preparations (Rifamate containing rifampin and isoniazid; Rifater containing rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide) can be used for treatment of active TB infection to reduce the pill burden and ensure compliance, especially when directly observed (supervised) therapy (DOT) cannot be used.²⁵⁸ A fixed-combination preparation should be used only when all drugs in the preparation are indicated.²⁵⁸

Oral Administration

Administer single-entity rifampin or fixed-combination preparations (Rifamate , Rifater) orally with a full glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.¹⁶¹ ¹⁷² ²⁵⁹

For individuals who are unable to swallow rifampin capsules and when lower doses are needed for children, a 1% suspension can be prepared using Syrup NF (simple syrup), Syrpalta syrup (Emerson Laboratories), or Raspberry syrup (HumCo Laboratories).¹⁶¹ To prepare a suspension containing rifampin 10 mg/mL, empty the contents of four 300-mg or eight 150-mg capsules and mix the contents vigorously with 20 mL of a recommended syrup; then further dilute with 100 mL of the syrup.¹⁶¹ Shake well prior to administration.¹⁶¹

IV Administration

For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

Administer by IV infusion.¹⁶¹ ^b

Avoid extravasation.¹⁶¹ ^b Discontinue infusion and restart at another site if local irritation and inflammation occur at the site of infusion.¹⁶¹ ^b

Reconstitution and Dilution

Reconstitute vial containing 600 mg of rifampin powder by adding 10 mL sterile water for injection and gently swirling the vial.¹⁶¹ ^b Reconstituted solution contains 60 mg/mL.¹⁶¹ ^b

Prior to administration, add the appropriate dose of reconstituted solution to 100 or 500 mL of 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection.¹⁶¹ ^b

Rate of Administration

If infusion volume is 100 mL, give IV at a rate that allows complete infusion within 30 minutes.¹⁶¹ ^b

If infusion volume is 500 mL, give IV at a rate that allows complete infusion within 3 hours.¹⁶¹ ^b

Dosage

Oral and IV dosages are the same.¹⁶¹

Dosage of Rifamate expressed as number of capsules;²⁵⁹ dosage of Rifater expressed as number of tablets.¹⁷²

Pediatric Patients

General Dosage for Infants and Children

Oral or IV

Children ≥1 month of age: AAP recommends 10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily given in 1 or 2 divided doses for mild to moderate infections or 20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily in 2 divided doses for severe infections.¹⁷⁶

Tuberculosis

Treatment of Active (Clinical) Tuberculosis

Oral

Children <15 years of age or weighing ≤40 kg: 10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily recommended by manufacturer, ATS, CDC, IDSA, AAP, and others.¹⁶¹ ¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ ^s ^v If an intermittent regimen is used, 10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) 2 or 3 times weekly.¹⁷⁶ ²⁵⁸ ^s ^v

Adolescents ≥15 years of age: 10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily.²⁵⁸ ^v If an intermittent regimen is used, 10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) 2 or 3 times weekly.²⁵⁸ ^v

Rifater in adolescents ≥15 years of age: 4 tablets once daily in those weighing ≤44 kg, 5 tablets once daily in those weighing 45–54 kg, or 6 tablets once daily in those weighing ≥55 kg.¹⁷² Used only in the initial phase of treatment.¹⁷²

When used for the treatment of active TB in HIV-infected individuals with CD4⁺ T-cell counts <100/mm³, rifampin should be given at least 3 times weekly.¹⁰¹ ^r CDC and others recommend these patients receive a once-daily regimen during the initial intensive treatment phase and either a once-daily or 3-times weekly regimen during the continuation phase.¹⁰⁰ ^r

10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily.¹⁶¹ ^b ^v

Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)

Oral

10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily for 4–6 months.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ²⁶⁹ ^v If daily regimen cannot be used, AAP states 10–20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) twice weekly for 6 months can be administered using directly observed (supervised) therapy (DOT) .¹⁷⁶

ATS and CDC recommend that completion of therapy for LTBI be based on total number of administered doses rather duration of therapy alone.¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ When rifampin monotherapy is used, at least 120 doses should be administered within 6 months.²¹⁵ Ideally, patients should receive the drug on a regular dosing schedule until completed; in practice, some doses may be missed requiring the course to be lengthened.²¹⁵ If the regimen is resumed after an interruption of ≥2 months, a medical examination is indicated to rule out active TB.¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵

Brucellosis†

Treatment or Prevention†

Oral

15–20 mg/kg (up to 600–900 mg) daily; given in conjunction with other anti-infectives.¹⁷⁶

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis†

Mild Anaplasmosis†

Oral

10 mg/kg (up to 300 mg) twice daily for 7–10 days.^k

Leprosy†

Multibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

Children <10 years of age: 300 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (25 mg once daily) and clofazimine (50 mg twice weekly and 100 mg once monthly).²⁰⁴

Children 10–14 years of age: 450 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (50 mg once daily) and clofazimine (50 mg every other day and 150 mg once monthly).²⁰⁴ ^jj

Usual duration of treatment is 12 months.¹⁹⁸ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj An additional 12 months of treatment may be necessary in some patients (e.g., those with a high baseline bacterial index who have no evidence of improvement or have evidence of deterioration after the initial 12 months of treatment).^jj

Paucibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

Children <10 years of age: 300 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (25 mg once daily).²⁰⁴

Children 10–14 years of age: 450 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (50 mg once daily).²⁰⁴ ^jj

Usual duration of treatment is 6 months.²⁰⁴ ^jj

Single-lesion Paucibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

Children 5–14 years of age: A single 300-mg dose of rifampin in conjunction with a single dose of ofloxacin (200 mg) and a single dose of minocycline (50 mg).²⁰⁴

Children <5 years of age: Use an appropriately adjusted dose of each drug in the above single-dose regimen.²⁰⁴

Neisseria meningitidis Infections

Prophylaxis in Household or Other Close Contacts†

Oral

Neonates <1 month of age: 5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 2 days.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷

Children ≥1 month of age: 10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) every 12 hours for 2 days.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷

Initiate as soon as possible after contact, preferably within 24 hours after identification of the index case.¹⁷⁶ ¹⁷⁹ ¹⁸⁷

Elimination of Pharyngeal Carrier State

Oral

Neonates <1 month of age: 5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 2 days.¹⁶¹

Children ≥1 month of age: 10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) every 12 hours for 2 days.¹⁶¹

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Infections†

Meningitis Caused by S. pneumoniae†

Children ≥1 month of age: 20 mg/kg daily given in divided doses every 12 hours; used as an adjunct to other anti-infectives (e.g., vancomycin).¹⁷⁶

Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infection†

Oral

Neonates <1 month of age: Some clinicians recommend 10 mg/kg once daily for 4 consecutive days.¹³⁴ ¹⁷⁶

Children ≥1 month of age: 20 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily for 4 consecutive days.¹³⁴ ¹³⁸ ¹⁷⁶

Adults

Tuberculosis

Treatment of Active (Clinical) Tuberculosis

Oral

10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily recommended by the manufacturers, ATS, CDC, IDSA, and others.¹⁶¹ ²⁵⁸ ^r ^v If an intermittent regimen is used, 10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg daily) 2 or 3 times weekly.²⁵⁸ ^v

Rifamate: 2 capsules once daily.²⁵⁹

Rifater: 4 tablets once daily in adults weighing ≤44 kg, 5 tablets once daily in adults weighing 45–54 kg, or 6 tablets once daily in adults weighing ≥55 kg.¹⁷² Used only in the initial phase of treatment.¹⁷²

When used for the treatment of active TB in HIV-infected individuals with CD4⁺ T-cell counts <100/mm³, rifampin should be given at least 3 times weekly.^r CDC and others recommend these patients receive a once-daily regimen during the initial intensive phase and either a once-daily or 3-times weekly regimen during the continuation phase.¹⁰⁰ ^r

10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily.¹⁶¹

Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)

Oral

10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily for 4 months.¹⁷⁷ ¹⁹⁴ ²¹⁵ ^v

Anthrax†

Inhalational Anthrax†

300 mg every 12 hours has been used in conjunction with other anti-infectives.¹²⁷

Anthrax Meningitis†

20 mg/kg daily in conjunction with other anti-infectives.¹³⁹

Brucellosis†

Oral

15–20 mg/kg (up to 600–900 mg) daily in conjunction with other anti-infectives.¹³⁹ ¹⁷⁶ ²²⁷ ²²⁹ ²³⁰ Some clinicians suggest 0.6–1.2 g daily in conjunction with other anti-infectives.²⁷⁰

For postexposure prophylaxis, continue for 3–6 weeks; ¹³⁹ for treatment, continue for 4–6 weeks (more prolonged therapy may be needed in serious infections or when there are complications).¹³⁹ ¹⁷⁶ Some clinicians state that 6–8 weeks of treatment may be necessary in patients with skeletal disease and ≥3 months (and possibly >6 months) of treatment may be necessary in those with meningoencephalitis or endocarditis.¹³⁹

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis†

Mild Anaplasmosis†

Oral

300 mg twice daily for 7–10 days.^k

Leprosy†

Multibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

600 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (100 mg once daily) and clofazimine (50 mg once daily and 300 mg once monthly).¹⁹⁸ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

Paucibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

600 mg once monthly in conjunction with dapsone (100 mg once daily).¹⁹⁸ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

Usual duration of treatment is 6 months.¹⁹⁸ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁶ ²⁰⁷ ^jj

Single-lesion Paucibacillary Leprosy†

Oral

A single 600-mg dose of rifampin in conjunction with a single dose of ofloxacin (400 mg) and a single dose of minocycline (100 mg).²⁰⁴ ^jj

Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Infections†

Initial Treatment of Pulmonary MAC Infections (Nodular/bronchiectatic Disease) Caused by Macrolide-susceptible Strains†

Oral

600 mg 3 times weekly in conjunction with ethambutol (25 mg/kg 3 times weekly) and either clarithromycin (1 g 3 times weekly) or azithromycin (500 mg 3 times weekly) recommended by ATS and IDSA.¹⁹¹ Continue until patient has been culture negative on treatment for 1 year.¹⁹¹

Intermittent (3-times weekly) regimen is not recommended for those with cavitary or moderate or severe disease or those who have been previously treated.¹⁹¹

Initial Treatment of Pulmonary MAC Infections (Fibrocavitary or Severe Nodular/bronchiectatic Disease) Caused by Macrolide-susceptible Strains†

Oral

10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) once daily in conjunction with ethambutol (15 mg/kg once daily) and either clarithromycin (0.5–1 g daily) or azithromycin (250 mg once daily) recommended by ATS and IDSA.¹⁹¹ Continue until patient has been culture negative on treatment for 1 year.¹⁹¹ Consideration can be given to including amikacin or streptomycin 3 times weekly during the first 2–3 months of treatment for extensive, especially fibrocavitary, disease or when previous therapy has failed.¹⁹¹

Mycobacterium kansasii and Other Mycobacterial Infections†

Treatment of Pulmonary or Disseminated Infections Caused by Rifampin-susceptible M. kansasii†

Oral

10 mg/kg (up to 600 mg) daily in conjunction with ethambutol (15 mg/kg once daily), isoniazid (5 mg/kg [up to 300 mg] daily), and pyridoxine (50 mg daily) recommended by ATS and IDSA.¹⁹¹

Continue until patient

Tuesday, 2 February 2010

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